International Differences in the Perceptions of Export Obstacles By SMEs in the Same Firm-Level Characteristics: Evidence from European Countries

Abstract Research background: Most of SMEs encounter many impediments when performing direct exporting activities. This is because various countries have different legislative and tax burdens cultural-linguistic diversities that create export barriers for from other countries. Even are the same size, age, sector or legal form, their perceptions obstacles might differ depending on where they located. Purpose: research investigates differences between obstacle but with firm-level characteristics methodology: To achieve this aim, researchers apply a random sampling method to determine sample. Moreover, created an online questionnaire gather data. Finally, 408 Czech Republic, Slovakia Hungary been analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis analyses Dunnett T3 Post Hoc Test aims research. Results: The empirical results express similarities SMEs. While Czech-Hungarian Slovak-Hungarian do not in any characteristics, exist Slovak smaller older and, limited liability categories. Compare counterparts these categories, perceive less intensively. approaches government investment freedom nation patterns be reasons among which form Novelty: significant proves international context makes paper unique literature. Therefore, policy makers, academicians, SMEs, financing institutions gain benefits findings study.